Method: how the figures are read, worked out and checked

Sources, the definition of each figure, the checks before a record is written, and what is deliberately not shown.

Sources, and what each is used for

The company pages of the Pakistan Stock Exchange's data portal (dps.psx.com.pk) were read on 6 November 2026, one page per company. From each: the close and the session date, the last-day close price (LDCP), the day's circuit-breaker band, the 52-week range, the P/E ratio, market value, free float, the XD marker, the annual earnings per share where PSX prints them, and the latest announcements by title and date.

A second reading is the TradingView public screener, one request for the market on 6 November 2026. It is used to check the exchange page (close, change, 52-week range) and for the company's registered name; its sector labels and yield figures are not used.

How each figure is worked out

Change: close divided by the previous close, minus one. Place in the 52-week range: (close − low) ÷ (high − low) times 100. Cost of one share: the close, since no lot size is printed. Shares bought for a budget: the budget divided by the cost of one share, rounded down; remainder: the budget minus the value bought.

Rounding: prices are shown to two decimals as the sources print them; percentages to two decimals; places in the range to one.

Checks before a record is written

Every figure is recounted from the stored pages with code separate from the code that built the record: close, previous close, range, circuit band, XD marker. The close must equal the second reading for all ten companies; the 52-week range must agree within one percent; the lot cost must be close times lot.

The checker is itself tested on planted defects: a shifted close, a lowered 52-week high, a flipped change, a wrong place in the range, a wrong lot cost, a dropped XD marker. All are rejected; the run prints how many were caught.

What is not updated automatically

The site does not read the sources every day. The data was read once (6 November 2026) and every table names the session date and the read date. If the data is read again the pages are rebuilt and the sentences that quote a number change with the number.

What is deliberately left out

Real-time quotes, price history, target prices, ratings, recommendations, brokerage tariffs, tax rates and dividend amounts are not printed. Tariffs and tax rates are not in any source this site reads, and writing them from memory would be inventing them. Dividend amounts are in company announcements as documents; the pages list the announcement titles and dates only.

Rules of the exchange (the circuit-breaker band, the price step, board lots) are stated as the exchange's rules and shown with the figures the exchange's own pages print. For a decision, read the exchange's notice.